Climate:Cauliflower grows best in cool weather with average temperatures between 57°F and 68°F (14°C to 20°C). They are sensitive to heat, which can cause "buttoning" (stunted heads) or premature flowering.
Sunlight:Full sun to partial sun.
Soil:Very fertile, well-drained, and consistently moist soil, enriched with plenty of compost or organic matter. A soil pH between 6.0 and 6.8 is ideal.
Watering:Requires consistent moisture. Provide 1 to 1.5 inches of water per week, making sure not to let the soil dry out completely. Water at the base of the plant to prevent rot or disease.
Planting and Care
Sowing:Start seeds indoors in peat pots 6 to 12 weeks before the last expected frost to avoid disturbing the roots later. Sow seeds about 1/4 to 1/2 inch deep.
Transplanting:Gradually harden off seedlings by exposing them to outdoor conditions for increasing durations over several days. Transplant them into the garden about 2 weeks before the last expected spring frost, spacing them 15 to 18 inches apart.
Mulching:Use a layer of organic mulch to help retain soil moisture, keep the roots cool, and suppress weeds.
Fertilizing:Add compost to the soil before planting. A side-dress application of a high-nitrogen fertilizer may be beneficial once plants are established.
Blanching:"Snowball" varieties are often self-blanching, but if the head is exposed to direct sunlight, bend the large outer leaves over the developing curd and secure them with twine or a rubber band to keep it white.
Harvesting
Timing:The heads are usually ready for harvest 70 to 80 days after sowing.
Method:Harvest the heads when they are 6 to 12 inches in diameter, while the tiny buds still feel firm and tight.
Technique:Cut the head off with a sharp knife, leaving a few wrapper leaves attached to protect it during storage.